Introduction

Eram, a small village in the Basudevpur block of Bhadrak district, Odisha, holds a significant place in India's struggle for independence. It is often referred to as Rakta Tirtha Eram (The Pilgrim of Blood) due to the tragic massacre that took place here during the Quit India Movement. The incident, reminiscent of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, remains a symbol of resistance and sacrifice.

Geography

Eram is located 8 km away from Basudevpur in Bhadrak district. The village, surrounded by the Bay of Bengal and flanked by the Gamoi and Kansbans rivers, was an isolated and remote location. The dense jungles and difficult terrain made it an ideal place for freedom fighters to hold secret meetings and plan their activities against British rule.

Role in the Indian Independence Movement

From 1920 onwards, Eram became a key center for nationalist activities in Odisha. Prominent leaders like Gopabandhu Das and Harekrushna Mahatab frequently organized public meetings here to spread Mahatma Gandhi’s message of Quit India Movement and Non-Cooperation Movement. These gatherings played a crucial role in mobilizing local support for the independence struggle and instilling patriotic fervor among the villagers.

The Eram Massacre (28 September 1942)

On 28 September 1942, a massive protest was organized at Eram Melana Ground under the leadership of Kamala Prasad Kar. Around 5000 people gathered to voice their opposition against British rule and strategize their next course of action. Alarmed by the large congregation, a police force from Basudevpur police station, led by DSP Kunjabihari Mohanty, marched towards Eram.

Similar to General Dyer’s actions at Jallianwala Bagh, DSP Kunjabihari Mohanty ordered his men to open fire on the peaceful protesters at 6:30 PM. Within minutes, 304 rounds were fired, and as the field was enclosed on three sides, the people had no way to escape. The brutal attack led to the death of 29 people on the spot, with 56 others severely injured. Among the martyrs was Pari Bewa, the only female martyr of Odisha’s freedom struggle, who continues to be remembered for her bravery.

List of Martyrs

Pari Bewa (Eram, Basudevpur)
Gopal Chandra Das (Padhuan)
Bishwanath Das (Padhuan)
Bijuli Das (Padhuan)
Hrushikesh Behera (Padhuan)
Madan Palai (Padhuan)
Ballahaba Behera (Padhuan)
Magha Mahalika (Padhuan)
Bhua Majhi (Padhuan)
Kali Ajhi (Padhuan-Kumarpur)
Radhu Ahalika (Padhuan-Muladiha)
Dhruba Charana Dey (Padhuan)
Basudeb Sahu (Padhuan)
Hari Behera (Padhuan)
Dibakar Panigrahi (Guda-Kesagadia)
Krushna Chandra Swain (Padhuan-Kumarpur)
Bhaban Rout (Padhuan-Nandapura)
Nidhi Mahalika (Padhuan)
Brundaban Panda (Padhuan)
Upa Mallika (Nuangan)
Krupasindhu Behera (Sankharu)
Rama Majhi (Padhuan-Kumarpur)
Mani Behera (Padhuan)
Kati Sahu (Iswarapur)
Ratnakar Pani (Sudarsanpur)
Mani Pradhana (Suan-Sudarsanpur)
Pari Das (Suan)
Sankar Mallika (Adhunan)
Gobinda Rout (Artungan)
Panu Dash (Nuagaon)

Memorial and Legacy

To honor the brave souls who sacrificed their lives in the Eram massacre, a martyrs’ memorial was built at Eram. Today, it stands as a symbol of Odisha’s contribution to India’s independence struggle. The site attracts numerous visitors and is recognized as one of the significant tourism destinations in Odisha. The incident of Eram remains an essential chapter in the history of India’s freedom struggle, inspiring future generations to value and protect their hard-earned freedom.

Conclusion

Eram, with its history of sacrifice and bravery, is a testament to the indomitable spirit of India's freedom fighters. The tragic events of 28 September 1942 will forever be remembered as a dark yet inspiring chapter in India's fight for independence. As we walk through the paths of a free nation, we must honor and remember the heroes of Eram, whose blood paved the way for the liberty we cherish today.

Rakta Tirtha Eram: Odisha's Jallianwala Bagh

"Independence is not won by non-violence, it is taken back by Violence."